For example, if you hurt your back and go see your doctor, or you need a refill of your child's asthma medicine, the amount you pay for that visit or medicine is your copay. A copay (or copayment) is a flat fee that you pay on the spot each time you go to your doctor or fill a prescription. A deductible is an amount that must be paid for covered healthcare services before insurance begins paying. Copays and deductibles are both features of most insurance plans. POS collections ask everyone to pay, from patients who pay solely out-of-pocket to those who are insured and need to pay either a deductible, copay, or coinsurance amount. In general, a provider who participates in POS collections will ask for payment of a proposed service sometime before the service is rendered, up to the time the patient is discharged or leaves the office. Co-pays for a specialist will generally be between $30 and $50. Typical co-pays for a visit to a primary care physician range from $15 to $25. The co-payment amount varies depending on the insurance plan. When setting /LARGEADDRESSAWARE:NO the size of pointers are still 64-bit wide even though the high 32 bits has no significant values.Almost all private insurance policies require the insured person to pay a co-pay when visiting a doctor or any other health care provider. Pointers can be truncated to 32-bit values, then extended to 64-bit values by either sign extension or zero extension. The code has polymorphism using 32-bit data types.Īll pointers are still 64-bit pointers, but the system ensures that every memory allocation occurs below the 2 GB limit, so that if the application truncates a pointer, no significant data is lost.Pointers and integers are freely mixed.The code has many pointer truncation warnings.This feature is beneficial for 64-bit applications if the following conditions are true: However, applications can specify that the system should allocate all memory for the application below 2 gigabytes. For precise values, see Memory Limits for Windows and Windows Server Releases. It's exactly the same as x32 ABI in Linux where long and pointers are 32-bit wideīy default, 64-bit Microsoft Windows-based applications have a user-mode address space of several terabytes. They'll be expanded to _sptr and _uptrĪnother usage would be for 32-bit pointers when disabling LARGEADDRESSAWARE in a 64-bit application You can also find lots of other references to Alpha AXP in Ntdef.h and Winnt.h even though Windows no longer runs on that platformīecause of this there are also POINTER_SIGNED and POINTER_UNSIGNED macros to specify how the 32-bit address is extended to the 64-bit one. POINTER_32 is defined in Ntdef.h and Winnt.h. You can still even see some relics of AXP in Windows documentation and header files related to POINTER_32 POINTER_32/ _ptr32 are used by default, and POINTER_64/ _ptr64 will be used in 64-bit handling code VLM returns POINTER_64 that the app has to store. The OS is still 32-bit but it has the VLM API for applications to allocate large 64-bit memory if necessary, hence there must be some way to declare both 32 and 64-bit pointers in the same program My guest is that it was originally created for VLM (Very Large Memory) in Alpha AXP, because Windows NT for Alpha is the first Windows with some 64-bit support.
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